புற்றுநோய் சொற்களஞ்சியம்
புற்றுநோய் தொடர்பான பொதுவான மருத்துவ சொற்கள் எளிய மொழியில் விளக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. இந்த சொற்களைப் புரிந்துகொள்வது உங்கள் மருத்துவ குழுவுடன் சிறப்பாக தொடர்பு கொள்ள உதவுகிறது.
புற்றுநோயில் பல மருத்துவ சொற்கள் அடங்கும், அவை குழப்பமாக இருக்கலாம். இந்த சொற்களஞ்சியம் உங்கள் நோய் கண்டறிதல், சிகிச்சை மற்றும் மருத்துவ அறிக்கைகளைப் புரிந்துகொள்ள உதவ பொதுவான சொற்களை எளிய, அன்றாட மொழியில் விளக்குகிறது.
Benign
A growth that is NOT cancer. Benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant
A growth that IS cancer. Malignant tumours can invade nearby tissues and spread to other body parts.
Tumour
An abnormal mass of tissue. Can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
Metastasis
When cancer spreads from where it started to another part of the body (e.g., breast cancer spreading to bones).
Biopsy
A procedure where a small piece of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to check for cancer.
Oncologist
A doctor who specialises in treating cancer. Types include medical oncologist, surgical oncologist, and radiation oncologist.
Chemotherapy
Treatment using powerful drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
Radiation Therapy
Treatment using high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells in a specific area.
Immunotherapy
Treatment that helps your own immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy
Treatment that targets specific genes or proteins found in cancer cells, often with fewer side effects than chemo.
Staging
Describes how far cancer has spread. Stages range from I (early, localised) to IV (advanced, spread to other organs).
Grading
Describes how abnormal cancer cells look. Low grade (slow growing) to high grade (fast growing).
Remission
When cancer signs and symptoms reduce or disappear. Complete remission means no detectable cancer.
Recurrence
Cancer that comes back after treatment. Can be local (same place), regional (nearby), or distant (far away).
Prognosis
The expected outcome or course of a disease. Your doctor can discuss your individual prognosis.
PET Scan
A scan that shows how your organs and tissues are working, helping to detect cancer and check if treatment is working.
CT Scan
A detailed X-ray that creates cross-section images of the body. Used to find tumours and check treatment progress.
MRI
Uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed body images. Good for soft tissue like the brain or organs.
Lymph Nodes
Small bean-shaped organs that filter body fluid. Cancer often spreads to nearby lymph nodes first.
Palliative Care
Care focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Can be given alongside cancer treatment.
Port / PICC Line
A device placed under the skin or in a vein to make it easier to give chemo without repeated needle pricks.
White Blood Cells
Cells that fight infection. Chemo can lower these, making you more vulnerable to illness (neutropenia).
Platelets
Blood cells that help with clotting. Low platelets (thrombocytopenia) can cause easy bruising or bleeding.
Anaemia
Low red blood cell count causing tiredness, weakness, and pale skin. Common during chemo.
Hormone Therapy
Treatment that blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers, especially breast and prostate cancer.
Tumour Marker
A substance in blood that may be higher in people with cancer. Used for monitoring, not diagnosis alone.
Adjuvant Therapy
Treatment given AFTER surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells (e.g., chemo after breast surgery).
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Treatment given BEFORE surgery to shrink the tumour (e.g., chemo before surgery to make it easier to remove).
CEDC
Cancer Early Detection Centre - free government centres across Sri Lanka for cancer screening.
NCCP
National Cancer Control Programme - Sri Lanka's main government body coordinating cancer control.